I'm thinking along the lines of giant ladders, or human cannons, or adapted hot-air balloons (because my mind infers this question solely in terms of Warner Bros cartoons), but in all seriousness, It might seem like the sort of thing that a curious king or Victorian millionaire eccentric would task someone with researching.
Cyrano de Bergerac was probably the first to describe in detail the theoretical science needed to build a rocket to the moon in his book "Les états et empires de la lune" (The States and Empires of the Moon) of 1657.
Unfortunately, despite the fact that he does explicitly call it a "chemical machine" and briefly describe the physical difficulties of overcoming gravity, there is nothing really precise enough about the machine to be able to recreate it. He doesn't give you a blueprint!
The book is of course pure fiction, so the point is not to hypothesize about the means by which one would get to the moon, but instead what kinds of lifeforms one would find once you get there. For example, the narrator claims that an angel came to him and told him to eat from the Tree of Science in a sort of new Eden on Earth, after which he had the knowledge necessary to build his machine and begin his journey.
That being said, there is an engraving that was produced based on de Bergerac's description.
And yes: this is the same Cyrano de Bergerac made famous by the play by Edmond de Rostand. This is the same Cyrano in love with his cousin Roxanne but whose schnoz gets in the way of his love.
