In English, it's called "Germany," and in German, it's "Deutschland," while in Arabic, it's "Almania." In some instances, linguistically similar languages - like Dutch - refer to Germany with a similar name, while some variation on "Almania" is popular with Middle Eastern and African languages. Why are there all these different names? Are there other countries that have a similar outcome when their names are translated?
Modern Germany wasn't a single country called one thing until 1871. So the various surrounding countries first encountered different countries, with different dialects or names. Here's a pretty good discussion
As for similar situations, United States, being merely an adjective-noun combinations, has many exonyms that mostly are literal translations of the concept: États-Unis, Vereinigten Staaten, Estados Unidos, etc.
hi! you'll find some additional information in our FAQ
Why do countries have different names in other languages?
and the /r/Linguistics FAQ:
Why are our names for countries so different from what the people call their own country?