The Vikings made a very lasting impact on the United Kingdom. (this answer is historical fluff) When the Vikings settled in and around the British Isles, they created new cultures and greatly influenced existing cultures.

For example, not only did the Vikings give England new place names, it also created new culture in Scotland. The Lordship of the Isles map influences the UK up to this day, as if Scotland becomes independent, there will also be a referendum in these isles to have their own degree of devolution/independence. source This was an area that had recieved a lot of Norse settlement, and like the Isle of Man, (which contains the world's oldest parliament, which was founded by Vikings), has a separate identity to that of the mainland.

The Normans were also hugely influential in England. Although they came from northern France, they were descendants of Rollo and his followers, who were Vikings, who were granted permission to settle in Normandy (Norman =north man) in 872. After the conquest of England, not only was England's fate now partly determined by things going on on the continent, by virtue of the foundations of the Angevin Empire and 100 Years War being laid (arguably and very indirectly being a major factor in creating the Tudor dynasty, and by extension the British Empire and English Protestantism), but also the Norman conquest changed the English demography and economy. Formerly, Northumberland had been a rich centre of England, but following the Harrying of the North, an example of genocide against the English, the South/Midlands (in other words, Wessex and Mercia) became the richer and more populated parts of the country, and this has persisted to this day.

Tuesday, Thursday and Friday also have Norse origins.

Edit: I wouldn't be so confident re: the 'son' patronymic - Old English also used 'son' as a patronymic, so it's not necessarily a product of Norse influence.