Definitely more recent than WW2 was the capture of US Major General William F. Dean in the Korean War.

Saddam Hussein was officially the Commander in Chief of the Iraqi Mujahed Armed Forces. He was also treated as a prisoner of war by the United States when he was captured in 2003. [1]

I would think it would be Col. Muammar Qaddafi (so many spellings!), as he retained his rank of colonel in Libya despite being dictator and general of Libya's armed forces. It's unclear whether he was captured and then executed or killed outright, but the consensus leans towards captured. This was in 2011.

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