You really can't separate them; accurate, powerful artillery, massive-scale use of machine guns, flamethrowers, gas, automatic weapons, aircraft, submarines, and armoured vehicles are really the hallmarks of modern warfare, as are the responses to them - trenches, the decline of cavalry, camouflage, steel helmets, bullet proof armour, gas masks, the Geneva Conventions and bans on the use of Chemical Weapons, etc.

If you include things that aren't necessarily military in functions, things that were novel, or at least novel to warfare, or at least novel to mass deployment:

1. Wireless communications
2. Communications with aircraft, including rudimentary air traffic control
3. Cellulose bandages (which contributed to the massive expansion of sanitary napkin products in the post-war era)
4. Mass involvement of women in armaments production
5. Vastly higher rate of male enlistment leading to social consequences back home
6. Vastly higher rate of male death leading to social consequences back home
7. X-rays
8. Hydrophone technology
9. The use of psychology to treat soldiers ("shell shock")

Jon Agar has a chapter on science and technology in World War I in his book Science in the 20th Century and Beyond, and I have a couple of books on history of science and history of medicine I can look up for you if you're interested when I get back from a conference after the weekend.

Someone else would be better qualified to discuss social or economic history, though.

Also, your question doesn't mention the arts, but World War I was a huge stimulus for modernist and counter-modernist artistic movements alike.