Sort of, yes.

(Even though Swedish Death Metal bands might not be a great source for historical accurate information about vikings one might add, but I digress.)

The vikings employed a formation known as fylking, better known as the shield wall. It's known to have been used in the vikingage and the early mediveal periode after the viking age. It was also used by the anglo-saxons in Britain, who named it shield wall. It is thought that the formation originated from the late era (400 bce) Roman army.

A fylking would consist of smaller units, each would commonly be 6 men wide and 5 man deep, ie 30 men. A fylking had several men, organised in smaller troops, under a common leader. Each unit would have their own leader. At the front you'd have soldiers wearing chainmail armour (which was more common towards the end of the vikingage than at the very beginning), shields, axes and throwing weapons. Archers and spearthrowers would be placed further behind in the ranks, though men with spears would also be at the front. They would fire and throw at the enemy as the battle started and the armies were about to clash, or as it was taking place.

If two fylkinger fought, they'd attempt to smash the opponent, ie to break the shield wall. Creating an opening in the first line of men, breaking the shield wall, was a very important part of the battle. Then mayhem would break lose and it was a fight man against man, with plenty of confusion, mayhem and death. It was common for each unit in a fylking to have a flagpole, for the men to rally around, because you did not want the fylking to break up, that could all too easily mean losing the battle. A fleeing army could be cut down rapidly by the pursuers.

Cooperation between the units in a fylking were important, and the vikings were skilled at battle tactics. Various types of flanking manouvers were used. There are stories of viking armies using tactics like seemingly withdrawing in a disorganized panic, letting the opposing army chase them, then the some of the units in the fylking all turn around at once and slaughter the other side, which would be disorganized and and had broken formation in their attempt to chase after the seemingly fleeing army.

The tactics of fylking seems to have been less than effective against cavalry. At the battle of Fodevig in 1134, a small force with the aid of 300 heavily armoured german knights / cavalrymen defeated a fylking consisting of 20 000 danish men. (There are few sources regarding that particular battle so it's not certain how the battle played out, and there were other factors working against the large army of Magnus den sterke / Magnus the strong.)

At the battle of Viborg in 1150 (where Svein and Knud of Danmark fought for the Danish throne) a fylking had men with shields at the front and men slinging stones (instead of archers) in the middle, with men mounted at horses at the flanks. This fylking managed, through heavy fighting, to stop an attack by armoured cavalrymen, and the horsemen at the side of the fylking successfully attacked the cavalrymen.

At the battle of Fyrileiv in 1134, during the norwegian civil war between Magnus Sigurdsson and Harald Magnusson, a fylking is described as being 7200 men strong.

During the battle of Oslo (actually fought near Tønsberg) in 1161 a fylking consisting of 4800 men defended the city. They fought on the frozen ice of the fjord, and the line was stretched out so it was no more than five men deep.

Okay, I've gotten carried away now, so I'll skip ahead!

Then there's the battle formation known as svinefylking, or Swine's head. It was a formation shaped like a wedge, and designed to break through enemy lines. Most scholars tend to think the vikings drew inspiration directly or indirectly through knowledge about the similarly named and shaped late roman formation known as Porcinum capet.

Shaped like a wedge, consisting of no less than 15 men, with two at the front, then three men, then five, then seven, nine - two more men for each line. It was a formation well suited to the aggressive vikings. To make successful use of the formation a great deal of speed, momentum and aggression was needed in order to successfully break apart the enemy lines, creating enough chaos to allow the men to wreck mayhem and havoc on the now disorganized troops they were fighting against.

It was not well suited for attacks on soft grounds, or uphill, and it was not very well suited at all to counter any flank or rear attacks the enemy might come up with. For those reasons it was not used as much as the fylking.

Now I'm going to confuse everyone I fear..

Skjoldborg, or skjaldborgr, literally means shield wall. But it's not the same thing as the fylking, which is known as shield wall in english, and the two terms are thrown around a bit confusingly by many authors and tv shows. So I'm going to call it skjoldborg for the rest of my comment. A skjoldborg is a unit or fylking in which the defensive use of shield was very important. It's not meant as a formation, but as an improvised protection or castle (borg is the norse word for castle) for defensive purposes.

A smaller unit, say 30 men, would use their shields to form an overlapping protection against attackers. The first line of men would get down on their knees, with their shields up in front of them. The next line of men would hold their shields out in front of them. The next line of men would reach out and hold their shields out over the head of the first men, creating the wall of shields. It was not meant to be a movable formation,. It was meant as a protection against incoming arrows, spears and other throwable weapons. Once the enemy came closer the first line of men had to get from their knees in order to fight back, and not have their shields smashed by axes or swords.

Hopefully that helps. And I'm sure the more knowledgeable people in here will be quick to point out errors and inaccuracies in my reply!