EDIT: As it has been pointed out that this is very broad, I'm primarily concerned with western civilization. I know that certain religions and cultures still value arranged marriages more often than not.
I've (sadly only) heard that the 1800s was when marrying for love became a thing, and that before this time, everyone married out of arrangement, either for political or economical gains, or simply to "join families".
OP, would you mind narrowing the question? In its current state the question is very broad; there is a wide range of cultural differences in marriage practices both historically and presently. Are you interested particularly in Western world marriage practices? Southeast Asian? Any narrowing in this regard should probably make it easier to receive an expert response.