Clarifications:
Bible = canon, deuterocanon, apocryphal, etc. So, I'm not interested in hearing about gospels, epistles, etc. that a Christian sect considers/ed as Scripture.
People: I'd prefer theologians/other writers over rulers, so people like Athanasius of Alexandria over Constantine. But, I'll leave that up to your discretion, because the line is blurred when you get to certain popes or other rulers, possibly.
Time/place - I hope this isn't too broad, but I'm curious about Christianity as a whole, so the early Church (2st-6th centuries AD) as well as the Protestant Reformation (so 16th-18th centuries AD?). The place would be the Mediterranean, Middle East, and Europe. In an effort to make this more narrow, let's just say the early church. So, 2nd through 6th centuries AD in Middle East/Mediterranean.
Essentially, I'm looking to read up on the historical development of Christianity's practice/theology.
I think your question might just be too broad. It sounds like you just asked for a History of Global Christianity.
Eusebius' History of the Church is good, if a little opaque at times, and available on Kindle.
As has been said, there are many texts which influenced Christianity. Some influenced it for a short time, and other influences are still present today. Milton's Paradise Lost pretty much created our common image of Satan and his rebellion against God when he is cast down to Hell.