I'm not a historian, but I can recommend: Taliban: Militant Islam, Oil and Fundamentalism by Ahmed Rashid (first edition was published in 2000, before many people cared about the Taliban) and Ghost Wars: The Secret History of the CIA, Afghanistan, and Bin Laden, from the Soviet Invasion to September 10, 2001 by Steve Coll. The connection between both groups is that they share the same Wahabist-Islam view of the world. The biggest difference is that AQ (in general since there are splinter groups with specific goals) believes in attacking the Great Satan (USSR, USA) in order to liberate Muslim lands in order to recreate Medina, while the Taliban were happy with just recreating Medina in Afghanistan. Now, the connection between the CIA, AQ, andthe Taliban is another issue.

The first book deals largely with the fouding, rise and triumph of the Taliban up to the year 2000. They were founded in 1994, in three years they captured Kabul and most of the country followed suit by 2000. By then then they had controlled a large part of the country (I don't remember the exact figure, but it would be more than 75%). The rest, mainly the north, was under the control of the Northern Alliance (Hamid Karzai was a leader of this group) which was an alliance of several anti-Taliban military organizations fighting for power in the Afghan Civil War. Now, the Taliban wasn't created by the CIA. Rashid explains how, according to the Taliban itself, the Taliban was created on day by Mullah Omar and several other ex Mujahideen, veterans of the Soviet War, banded together in 1994 to save two girls that were captured. The book details their rise and government style, documentating it with interviews and other sources. So, the connection between the Taliban and Al-Qaeda is that they were both composed of veterans of the Soviet War. Besides this, they shared an ideological similarities in some regards. The Taliban per se never had a chance to have foreign policy. They were most concerned with ruling Afghanistan and imposing their view of Wahabist-Islam. They did have issues with Iran regarding border skirmishes. They weren't anti-USA, in one chapter of the book Rashid goes into details how they negotiated with American companies and, if I remember correctly, the State Department for opening an oil line which never happened because of the country's stability. The US at this point didn't have an official Taliban stance. They were appalled by the human rights violations and borderline genocide, but that was a problem elsewhere.

Steve Coll in his book details the US envolvement in Afghanistan from Carter to Bush Sr. What the US did in the Afghan War was the following: They would send funds to Pakistani Intelligence, who in turn would 'distribute' the funds to the Afghan resistance groups. The US was happy with this arrangement but the problem was that ISI (Pakistani Intelligence) decided who got what. They gave money to the resistance groups that benefited them (they would continue to do this once the Soviets left, at first they were very hesitant in regards to the Taliban, but once they started gaining momentum they gave them money). Eventually US aid grew, with them giving the Mujahideen Stingers and other weapons. Once the Soviets pulled out in 1988, the US went back to doing what they did pre-invasion: ignoring Afghanistan. The CIA did send a team several years later in order to try and recover the stinger missiles and other weapons with mixed results. They would try to bribe people into selling them back. One group, I don't recall their name but they would later join the Northern Alliance, did not want to sell the weapons because they never received US aid. ISI never fowarded them money and they held out against the Soviets alone for years.

TLDR: The CIA sent money to Pakistani Intelligence to fund the Mujahideen in Afghanistan but PI decided who got what (Which backfied horribly for Pakistan). Veterans of the Mujahideed would later join AQ or the Taliban in different stages. AQ and Taliban share same domestic vision while Taliban never had a foreign policy planted out.

Edit: I forgot to include this bit. In regards to the CIA trying to buy back stingers, leaked documents showed that they're still beind used. Instead of attacking Soviet helicopters, they're now taking down ISAF helicopters