I would revise your question as the concept of pride as a sin is not exclusive to western culture, but I would say that in pre-christian society in western europe, pride was considered one of the highest virtues. Even with the resurgence of classical thinking during the renaissance would have overlapped with a huge portion of society that would look down on pridefulness. Among nobility and professional soldiers projecting self-confidence would have been important during the middle ages, and the foundation of these boasts might be lineage and martial successes. The vast majority of society during this period would have been devoutly religious and otherwise have nothing to be proud of, but for every time period there would be many exceptions. You could even still say that today the majority of society sees pride as a sin or looks down on it in general.