No. In fact, in Egypt, under the Roman dominion (and before it, under the Ptolemies) there existed a two-tier legal system, a 'Roman' and an 'Egyptian' one. Inhabitants of the Roman dominion in Egypt could appeal to both systems of law as a means of seeking redress. These two systems were quite radically different in many regards; for example, concerning the inheritance of property by women.

The Romans were no fools; the preceding Ptolemaic rulers had had severe problems with 'race relations' between Greek 'settlers' and the then-native Egyptian populace, and excluding the majority of the population from the legal system would have been a great way to foster discontent with the occupying regime.

Source and further reading;

J. G. Keenan, 'On Law and Society in Late Roman Egypt', Zeitschrift für Papyrologie und Epigraphik, Bd. 17, (1975), pp. 237-250 .

'The People of Greek and Roman Egypt' (with reference to material held in 'The Papyrus Collection of the University of Michigan'), University of Michigan, 2007.