A painting of Jesus in his lifetime is highly unlikely as he was, or at least is depicted as a poor preaching man, surely not the type of people who could hire a painter. Portrait painting existed in Antiquity, look at the Fayum mummy portraits. Interrestingly it seems that the influence of canons in statues was so important, that it influenced the way people were painted. That's the opinion of Christopher Hallet, a specialist on the ideal point of view of classical statues. Moreover there was portraits of Alexander the great and surely others, but but they didn't survived, as paintings would be made on wood pannels which are likely to rot over time, except in some areas of Egypt and the Middle-east. But mosaïcs could copy paintings (there are at least 2 exemple of it: these musicians http://gallica.bnf.fr/ark:/12148/btv1b8419001j and a fight between a satyre and an hermaphrodite) and it has been suggested that the mosaïc of the battle of Issos found in Pompei is a copy of an battle painting (http://3.bp.blogspot.com/-_jbKg-eudsc/UzGXDZOZTQI/AAAAAAAAChM/1rufjPl0b-k/s1600/03.Mosa%25C3%25AFque_d%2527issos.jpg).

For the oriental part of your question, I will let someone more competent in this domain to help you.