To Jews, yes. However, Yahweh as a term doesn't originate with the Hebrews.

As a Jew, if I say "Yahweh" and "God", I'm talking about the same being. However, there are records of a group called the Shasu who roamed the deserts of southeastern Canaan whom the Egyptians found a nuisance. They were marauders and bandits by Egyptian accounts, and worshipped a god called YHW (Yahweh). It's suggested that the Shasu may have been the inspiration for the adoption of this name by the Israelites, or that the groups intermingled, or even that they were the Israelites who later rose up against the Canaanites (since they might've been a subclass) rather than saying the Israelites conquered Canaan as the Old Testament describes.

However, this is all very difficult to verify. Though some believe the Shasu land called Edom in the Bible contains the traditional site of Mount Sinai, it's impossible to know whether the term "Yahweh" was passed on, or if it was the Hebrews who simply adopted a new religion within the Shasu and split off from them.

At least, that's what I've understood from the Harms book I cite below. Then there's the question of El vs. Yahweh, which is even more confusing. El is another word for God in Hebrew, typically used as "elohim", but:

the patriarch Jacob blesses his son Joseph by “the God of your fathers, who helps you, the God of the mountain [literally, ‘El, the One of the Mountain’], who blesses you”

Then there's this:

“Yahweh is a warrior” who “will rule forever and ever” (Exod 15:3, 18). The two divine ‘types’—beneficent patriarch and warrior-king— emerge in these differing social contexts.

So El and Yahweh may mean the same thing, but not to Canaanites who may perceive El to be something else, and Yahweh then gets woven into this mix of intermixing religious beliefs because Yahweh and El (at least today) mean the same thing to Jews. I've also heard that "El Shaddai" means "One of the Mountains" to Canaanites. El, at any rate, was the high god of the Canaanite pantheon at Ugarit, and his depiction is very similar to those of the Jewish (or at least Christian) God (elderly, gray beard) that came later. Then there's Baal, who was the warrior god of sorts in Canaanite religion, but they took that myth and adopted it as best we can tell to fit Yahweh, then made Baal a god that only heretics would worship (didn't adopt the name like that of Yahweh).

So let me try to clear this up as best I can:

Yahweh and God and El all mean the same thing today to Jews. Baal has been dropped and is considered heretical.

Yahweh was given the warrior-king attributes that Baal had.

El is considered the more benevolent patriarchal god who rules, with the gray beard, but it's the other side of the Yahweh coin. He was the "one of the mountain".

Baal took on the meaning of "husband" in recent Hebrew.

The origin of Yahweh is uncertain. Could come from the Shasu, could come from another Canaanite area, could be that the Shasu were the Hebrews anyways who adopted the name, and then mixed it with the "El" from Canaanite culture.

Hopefully that explains a bit of how it could've all gone down, and I apologize if this was unclear. It's all a bit of a mess, as far as I'm concerned. If /u/gingerkid1234 wants to explain more, I'd be glad, because I'm sure he could add/correct anything I might've misunderstood or made too simple.

Sources:

Harms, Gregory, and Todd M. Ferry. The Palestine-Israel Conflict: A Basic Introduction. London: Pluto, 2005. Print.

Hendel, Ronald S. Remembering Abraham: Culture, Memory, and History in the Hebrew Bible. Oxford: Oxford UP, 2005. Print.

Harold Bloom wrote a book at least partly about this subject. In the 1/3 or so of the book where he is not talking about himself, his answer is basically "yes, they are the same." If you like reading about Harold Bloom as much as the author likes writing about him, it is a pretty good book.

Boom's assertion is that Yahweh started out as a household god belonging to Abraham's family and grew from there. He goes into the nature of Yahweh as a capricious human like and human size god and his maturation into later forms.

Absent the naval gazing, his account is pretty compelling and interesting. Unfortunately if he were to edit out the extraneous parts the book would no longer be long enough to publish as a book. The valuable parts are more a long form magazine article.

I recommend this book for further reading: Canaanite Myth and Hebrew Epic: Essays in the History of the Religion of Israel