I was part of a team that excavated four saloons sites that operated in Virginia City, Nevada between 1863 and roughly 1885. There was an enormous quantity of beer - ceramic Glasgow ale bottles were ubiquitous. Many saloons had contracts with breweries, so they offered beer on tap (and would advertise that fact by calling themselves brewery saloons).

There was also a great deal of wine, including bottles that still contained Port. Champagne was described in primary source documents, and bottles that may have contained this specialty wine were also common. Gin was common besides whiskey. Ginger bottles were also common, perhaps as a drink mix (both with beer and whiskey). Soda water bottles were common. A German saloon had a mineral water imported from Germany; it also had a carbon water filter purchased from London in 1863 - so patrons could have a clean glass of water.

I wrote this up in my book Virginia City: Secrets of a Western Past (2012). I also recommend Kelly Dixon's Boomtown Saloons (Kelly excavated two of the four saloon sites).

This is a post I made about the history of alcohol in the American west, saloons, and the tv show deadwood awhile ago:

Saloons were a common fixture of the boomtowns in the American West. The U.S. Brewers' Association went so far as to say you simply "cannot have a city with out saloons." So yes, Americans drank quite a bit of alcohol out in the West. This post is going to focus on two key questions that should answer everything in your query: What is the history of drinking in America? and what was the function of saloons in the West?

By 1770 Americans were routinely drinking alcohol. Commonly, they would start the morning with a little pick-me-up and then get into bed with one last sip. Rum and cider were the two drinks of choice. After the American Revolution, the colonists lost access to British alcohol (rum) and had to look for a new source. Luckily, Scot and Irish immigrants began to produce copious amount of whisky so the fledgling Republic could survive. Drinking distilled liquor hit a high point in 1830 when the average American consumed about 7 gallons a year.

Hard liquor started to fall out of favor in the 1850s due to the work of temperance groups and the growing popularity of German beers (there were lots of German immigrants in the U.S.). Americans went from drinking 2.7 gallons of beer a year in 1850 to some 30 gallons in 1911. So Deadwood, a show set in the 1870s, would be a bit more accurate if they had beers like Anheuser-Busch, Pabst or Schlitz on tap (which all got their start around the Civil War).

So how did remote towns and settlers get their beer and liquor? Well these towns were very much a product of U.S. industry and the national economy. If there suddenly was a demand for nickel or copper abroad, you could see boomtowns quickly constructed around a successful mine. Because these miners and laborers had excess cash that they were willing to spend in exchange for a good time and a cruel hangover, a clever entrepreneur could open a successful saloon on an initial investment as small as 200$. By 1897 there were over 250,000 liquor dealers active throughout the country. San Francisco, a high profitable western port, had a saloon for every 218 people in the city. But it's important to remember that saloons did more than just give out brews; they became a neighborhood center where the majority of working-class men engaged in social activities, political discussion, and cultural transmission. Bars provided entertainment, social familiarity, and often doubled as grocery/general stores. Think about the life of a miner. After work are you going to just go sit back in your cramped tent/boarding house or are you going to go get some food and drink at the local hotspot? Alcohol and other intoxicants (opiates) were also a standard part prostitution industry. Prostitutes and saloons often worked in conjunction in these small towns. Obviously, women working in Western mining towns were an important socio-economic group, but I don't think it would be useful to go into the intricacies of Western prostitution in this post. Later, saloons often came to symbolize everything wrong with a community for different temperance groups because of the connection these "dens of sin" could have with different illicit industries. Groups like the Anti-Saloon League of 1898 were always trying to ruin the fun. They finally succeeded when the ultimate buzzkill, Prohibition, was passed. It's interesting to note that Prohibition was aided by the wave of anti-German sentiment caused by WWI.

SOURCES

"The 'Poor Man's Club': Social Functions of the Urban Working-Class Saloon" by Jon M. Kingsdale

"Red Light Ladies in the American West" by Alexy Simmons

The Alcoholic Republic by W.J. Rorabaugh

"The Saloon Problem" by Hugh F. Fox

The Legacy of Conquest by Patricia Limerick

"How the West Got Wild: American Media and Frontier Violence A Roundtable" by Stewart L. Udall