So, I've been watching the mildy entertaining show Turn. It is about spying, secret messaging etc. during the American Civil War. In the intro scene there are several inventions depicted which were used to covertly pass on information. This caught my attention.
So my questions are:
That looks like a pantograph. In this case, it was probably being used for miniaturization: to write a really tiny message that would be easy to hide.
For the record, it is probably important to point out the AMC show "Turn" is about the American Revolution (not the Civil War).