Aren't there many different crowns, scepters, and orbs etc. in the English monarchy? Like the expression "crown jewels" implies, there are many different regal items.
I can't think of crown jewels, but signet rings could be. There is the Ring of the Fisherman, a symbol of office and something that served as the Pope's seal. It is either destroyed, or in the case of Benedict XVI permanently invalidated with two deep cuts, at the end of a pontificate. I should imagine there were similar rules around other seals to prevent forgaries after a ruler's death.
Coats of arms are also unique to an individual (or an institution) and cannot be passed down the generations.
I'm not sure what you're referring to. The inheritance system in Westeros is clearly based off of traditional Western European rules. "Personal" titles can most certainly be inherited in both the real world and in ASOIAF. In fact, the entire British hereditary peerage consists of personal titles.