Here you are, the events that had the biggest impact. Feel free to ask questions.
the end of WWI/The Great War. November 11, 1918. Germany, Austria-Hungary, and the Ottoman Empire (the primary central powers) surrendered to the Allies.
Treaty of Versailles on June 28, 1919. Blame was put on Germany for responsibility for the war.
German Workers' Party is formed in 1919 by Anton Drexler and Karl Harrer. Hitler would join soon after its formation. Later renamed the National Socialist German Workers' Party, or Nazi Party as we now know it.
November 8-9, 1923 Beer Hall Putsch: Hitler, who has by now seized near total control of the NSDAP, attempts a coup d'état against Germany's Weimar government. It fails miserably and Hitler is imprisoned.
Writing and publication of "Mein Kampf": while in prison, Hitler dictates his now-infamous book Mein Kampf to his deputy, Rudolf Hess. His political and social views are detailed within. After his release, it is released but not a huge success as it would later become.
1925-1930: Nazis attempt to gain control of the Weimar government. Party rallies, street demonstrations, brawls with their communist opponents, and dirty political maneuvering. The Nazis use the Republic's extremely fragmented political parties to their advantage, with only Communists/Socialists being able to gain enough numbers to oppose Hitler and his NSDAP. Nazis make huge gains in 1930 elections.
1932 Presidential election: April 12 is the final round of voting. Hitler loses to Paul Von Hindenburg, an old war hero and the only one with enough clout to beat Hitler. The communists and socialists are largely pushed aside, politically, as they are splintered and demoralized by massive Nazi gains.
January 30, 1933 - the Machtergreifung, or "Seizure of Power" by the Nazis: Hitler is made Chancellor by Hindenburg. The Nazis have the largest number of seats in the Reichstag. This comes after the communists/socialists turned to violence after losing out to the Nazis in Reichstag seats, and killed numerous SA members, including several leaders. Hitler now only answers to Hindenburg, who is senile and in poor health.
March 24, 1933: the Enabling Act is passed. Hitler, thanks to the Reichstag Fire, is now free to act without parliamentary consent. The fire was supposedly started by communist agitators and the Enabling Act was made to give Hitler power as Chancellor to deal with the problem.
July 14, 1933: all non-Nazi parties are banned. Reichstag no longer has any democratic purposes.
June 30 - July 2, 1934: Night of the Long Knives. The Sturmabteilung, or SA, seen as the only Nazi organization capable of challenging Hitler, is purged. Its leader, Ernst Rohm, is executed, along with numerous other members. The Schutzstaffel, or SS, which is fanatically loyal to Hitler, takes the place of the SA, which continues on in a reduced role. The German army, including Hindenburg, applauds Hitler for taking control of the historically reckless SA (which had been vaguely threatening the military establishment).
August 2, 1934: Paul Von Hindenburg dies. Hitler merges the offices of Chancellor and President into one, declaring himself Fuhrer of Germany. Hitler now has absolutely no checks on his power, although he had been de facto in power since Jan. 30, 1933.