This is an extremely difficult question to answer in some regards, due to the fact that while the West had a comparatively lengthy period of time to industrialize from the 18th century onward, Japan's case in regards to industrialization and social change happened within one period of time, the Meiji period.

With the signing of the Convention of Kanagawa, Japan which had remained in a feudalistic system like its Asian neighbors were forced to open up to the West. With the influx of Western technology, as well as the manner in which Perry forced Japan open using his advanced cannons, caused Japan to consider abandoning the olden ways of the Bakufu system.

After Perry's success at the Convention of Kanagawa, the ruling shogunate family for two centuries, the Tokugawa, stepped down from power and the power was slowly restored to a central emperor figure, who throughout most of Japanese history actually played no political role, as Shogun held most military and political might.

The interesting aspect about industrialization and social change in Japan and to some extent Korea, was the sheer amount of resistance and warring that occurred when two ideologies clashed. The young Samurai and those still loyal to the Bakufu system, which was voluntarily given up the last remaining Tokugawa Shogunate, Tokugawa Yoshinobu, on November 9th, 1867, began to form their own forces to wrest power away from the now powerful emperor.

The ensuing war known as the Boshin War (戊辰戦争), shows the greatest social change throughout Japan's national identity. The Boshin War lasted from 1868-1869 and saw the end of the feudal system of a Shogunate rule.

With the opposing disgruntled Samurai clans/warriors out of the picture, this allowed Japan to finally unify with no domain under a Daimyo's rule. This sped up the process to an industrialized Japan, and the olden ways were abandoned.

With a little historical background provided, I believe I have answered the latter of your question. Although my Western History is not up to par compared to my knowledge of Japan/Korean history, East Asia had rather unique circumstances pertaining to industrialization. Many in the East felt that it threatened their ways of traditional life, as Japan and Korea both were known as isolationist kingdoms. This isn't seen to as large of a degree in Western industrialization, where sciences and such may have been hindered by oppressive religion. The main difference between the East and West is the countering factors of the progress to revolution. Religion to the West, and traditionalism to the East. This may be not as accurate a statement to make, as religion did not directly hinder industrialization in the West once it came underway, but hindered the science needed to begin the task of industrialization. This point hopefully someone more versed than I in Western history can assist in.

Social change came rapidly to the Japanese populace. Early industrialized Japanese economy can be seen as a form of government controlled capitalism. The government under the new Meiji Emperor set tariffs and taxes for finished goods and this was pivotal to rebuilding the treasuries of Japan after the heavy losses Imperial Forces faced during the end of the Boshin War.

But what did this mean to the average people and the order of traditional Japanese society? As the Bakufu system was deconstructed, the ones who faced change the hardest was the Samurai class. Samurai were traditionally paid in bundles of rice known as koku (石). While Samurai were the highest ranking nobility, they were soon falling from power as the new merchant class (who were seen as the lowest on the Japanese hierarchy, as they produced no goods themselves, but merely "pushed" around goods for profit) rose to power. Thanks to rapid industrialization, and a unified nation, Japan's centralized currency became more dependable. This cemented the merchant's position of power in the new industrial age, as the Samurai soon abandoned the traditional way and kept their Samurai namesake and entered politics.

As this system began to deconstruct, many officials within the new Meiji government began to push the idea of equals to the Japanese people. That no man was greater than the other due to birth or family. This was the killing blow to the traditional Samurai, as they were treated with respect but no longer fear or reverence. This became the impetus for suffrage concerning ethnic Japanese (their colonies are a whole different kettle of fish and are not relevant to industrialization anyways).

Worker's rights were shoddy, but since the Edo period Japan had long honored the system of written contracts. Many existing contracts still exist within the labor force, although most of them are pertaining to prostitution.

Men were not as disadvantaged as women in the new industrialized society, as the push for education and a need for a more skilled, specialized labor force grew. Men began to flock to cities such as Osaka or Tokyo to learn a trade or break into the merchant business. Women were more severely disadvantaged as they were usually recruited for silk mills, as Japan was the leading producer of the global silk trade during the Meiji to Taisho era.

Most of the working conditions are what you would expect during the time period, fire hazards, unsafe chemical usages, and the works were just as present in the Japanese factories and places of labor as in the West.

However, with the expansion of national wealth and power through industrialization, Japan began to grow more and more like its Western counterparts, as traditional Japanese arts, ideologies, and even education was discarded for the Western equivalents. When Japan began to eye its Asiatic neighbors for expansion, this can be seen as the end of the industrial period and the beginning of the Imperial period.