A fantastic book studying the ecology of pre-European New England is Changes in the Land, by William Cronon. As sources he looks at the records of early colonists as well as letters sent back to mainland Europe by the first explorers.

While I do not have a list of everything that would have been present memorized, here are a few things that stuck with me after reading the book:

-The staggering quantity of life. Explorers wrote that people making the voyage to America wouldn't even need to pack food, as the sheer abundance of deer, wild poultry, and fish were downright mind-boggling to Europeans used to a cultivated and heavily-inhabited continent.

-Lobsters were so numerous they were considered a pest species, gathered en masse and chopped up as cheap fertilizer.

-Flocks of passenger pigeons which would pass overhead for literally days at a time. Must have been millions and millions of them.

-Whales, thousands of 'em.

-Natives kept much of the underbrush carefully controlled with intentional fires. Many explorers remarked with awe at how easy the forests were to navigate. Hunting was a breeze. Native fields were smaller and unenclosed.

Keep in mind that much of these records need to be taken with some grain of salt, as the explorers writing home would have a vested interest in attracting more settlers, but the general consensus is that what we see in the wild today is a scant fraction of a percentage of the wildlife which roamed America prior to European settling.