That's a very broad question. What, more specifically, are you looking to find out?

Also, the earliest villages all existed before any kind of writing did, so we can really only learn about them through archaeology rather than history. I suggest you cross-post this to /r/AskAnthropology (the broader discipline of which most archaeology is a part) to get a broader array of answers.

All that said, a good archaeological work on early villages was The Early Mesoamerican Village, edited by Kent Flannery. It is a mix of solid archaeological work on the elements that made up an early village in Mexico mixed with some of Flannery's trademark parables, his accounts that, though fictional, are informative and well-researched and give you a more personal take on things than you typically get with dry archaeological writing (and they're always funny and entertaining). And look, it's your lucky day! It looks like someone has scanned the book and made it publicly available! (I am a very big fan of open-access scholarly work, and having a digital library that I can take anywhere. I own a hard copy of this book and I prefer to read hard copies, but I am totally downloading this scan too).