Speaking as a british black person, Abraham Lincoln is definitely one of my favourite US presidents. It's not just simply for me: "Well he freed the slaves". I feel this way due to his incredible drive, him being ahead of his time and most of all that he was a genius. I say this as he was smart enough to control his strong will to change what he saw as injustice by not acting out of emotion but by looking to strive for the best possible outcome even if it does not seem like enough. I felt he recognised what was possible in his lifetime and strived towards that, rather than doing a John Brown.
I'll try and be concise but it's hard for me, I'm not a good writer. I've read a lot of American History for fun and out of interest on the internet and on a few books. What people often say is: "He was a racist, he said blacks are unequal" and usual talk about the quotes that are described as racist. And the people that fight back simply say "He was a man of his time."
I argue against labelling him racist a different way, I think it needs to be remembered how good the man was at playing politics and remember his time. Part of me thinks you need to understand that you cannot know what he said to just appease people and what he actually believed. Some were worried he would "hand over the country to negro rule". To actually come out and say "blacks and whites are equal" was extremely radical and would get him nowhere, he had to be the fox about it. People saw egalitarians as straight up madmen who would ruin the country. And people still feel like that today, they are just secretive about it and post mainly on the internet.
I think he had to say those things because even though he said them people would still say things such as "Lincoln the white nigger", "Lincoln likely beds negro women" "Lincoln will make white men slaves". And a lot of white people saw what he was doing as "oppressing white people". I know it sounds ridiculous to us. Is it not reasonable to accept that Lincoln would have to play some major southern strategy? My main point is what things he claimed can we really be certain he felt. The man did everything possible he could for black folks without being seen as a madman like others such as Thaddeus Stevens.
Here's some info on how even fellow politicians reacted to people pro-civil rights long ago: Decades after James K. Vardaman referred to Theodore Roosevelt as "little, mean, coon-flavored miscegenationist", and the man was not even that outspoken for black civil rights and this was decades after the time of Lincoln (this gave an idea of how uneasy people were about advancing negro rights).
Tillman in reference to Booker T being invited to the white house be Roosevelt "The action of President Roosevelt in entertaining that nigger will necessitate our killing a thousand niggers in the South before they will learn their place again", same time period.
And at present day, let me explain something: Do you really think there are people alive that are not doubtlessly far more racist than Lincoln ever was.
I was watching a video on Youtube of Gorillas fighting in a zoo, it had nothing to do with black people. The top comments at +65 and +119 were " Typical black domestic violence" and "Niggers gonna nig". Let that sink in, casual hardcore racism like that which is totally dehumanising is widespread on the net where people say what they really feel. There's a difference between people who even today, just straight up hate all blacks, don't want to give them a chance or access to do well from their own work and are pro eugenics or segregation e.t.c and people like Lincoln or Roosevelt who judged people more by merit.
There is no evidence of Lincoln being anywhere near that racist and hateful. I think the man had the heart of a lion and not just for the issues of black folk, he showed a lot of compassion and way more than he had to and did as much as he could, using his immense intelligence to do so.
I give this info not to try convince anyone, just to let you know what I believe and why I believe it. If I'm very ignorant, it might help to know the true extent of my ignorance.
What I admit is that I am an amateur and not a proper historian.
What I would like is if you wise and true Historians could answer this question so that I maybe more knowledgable, how I feel is that if I'm wrong about this, I'd rather find out sooner than later.
I'm very thankful if you read all , most or enough of that to understand what I'm saying. I'd really appreciate responses to this.
I'm not a good writer and apologise for any poor composition or some grammatical mistakes and of course the length of my post.
Edit: I've come to realise after being given advice that at the very least my submission is very poor quality compared to the other submissions in this sub. I apologise for the quality of my post and how bad my title is. I know that this sub is generally well regarded and subscribers and mods pride that it has good content. I really didn't mean to just create more rubbish for the mods to clean up. I fully understand if my post is deleted. I should have lurked more.
This question has been asked a few times before with varying degrees of successful explanation. I'd encourage you to check out those search results.
Ultimately, you are not going to get an answer from a true historian on this topic that will provide you with a clean, crisp answer. This is a loaded question that hinges on the semantics of a word that is equally as loaded. Complexity, hedging, and deep ambiguity do not yield neat analysis.
I understand the interest though and have found the words of Frederick Douglass during his 1876 oration on Lincoln to be filled with enough nuance and perspective to give as adequate an answer as anyone I've ever heard. The following section of his speech is frequently cited when this topic comes up - emphasis mine.
I have said that President Lincoln was a white man, and shared the prejudices common to his countrymen towards the colored race. Looking back to his times and to the condition of his country, we are compelled to admit that this unfriendly feeling on his part may be safely set down as one element of his wonderful success in organizing the loyal American people for the tremendous conflict before them, and bringing them safely through that conflict. His great mission was to accomplish two things: first, to save his country from dismemberment and ruin; and, second, to free his country from the great crime of slavery. To do one or the other, or both, he must have the earnest sympathy and the powerful cooperation of his loyal fellow-countrymen. Without this primary and essential condition to success his efforts must have been vain and utterly fruitless. Had he put the abolition of slavery before the salvation of the Union, he would have inevitably driven from him a powerful class of the American people and rendered resistance to rebellion impossible. Viewed from the genuine abolition ground, Mr. Lincoln seemed tardy, cold, dull, and indifferent; but measuring him by the sentiment of his country, a sentiment he was bound as a statesman to consult, he was swift, zealous, radical, and determined.
Though Mr. Lincoln shared the prejudices of his white fellow-countrymen against the Negro, it is hardly necessary to say that in his heart of hearts he loathed and hated slavery.
Frederick Douglass, "Oration in Memory of Abraham Lincoln," April 14, 1876.