The old BBC show "Dad's Army" shows how in WW2 Britain, AARP and the home guard consisting mostly of civilians and people to old or too young to be in the military contributed to the war effort in various ways.
Were there similar organizations in Germany, Japan ? Especially during the closing stages of the war when air raids over Germany and Japan were fairly common.
One German organization were Luftwaffenhelfer (HJ), more commonly known as the Flakhelfer , which consisted mostly of students and operated under the joint supervision of the Luftwaffe and Hitler Jugend. Germany had one of the most extensive anti-aircraft networks of all the waring powers and needed a massive number of personnel. Children and youth were capable of doing the work like carrying shells and were available.