Well, I'm sorry to say that if you want a thorough, evenhanded understanding of the situation rather than just the biased interpretation of one side, you're going to have to do some heavy lifting. If you have the time, a great book on the subject is Mark Tessler's A History of the Israeli-Palestinian Conflict It's not breezy reading by any means, but I think if you read chapters 1-5 you should probably have a good grasp of the major issues at stake.

Chapters 1-2 are a condensed history of the Jewish people, the spread of Arab culture, and how both of these phenomena relate to the modern nationalism. Chapters 3-4 address the First Aliyah, or a mass immigration of Jews to what was then called Ottoman Palestine (the region was part of the Ottoman empire) and the social tensions that this created. Chapters 5 and 6 discuss the creation of the modern nation state of Israel and the enduring political issues that emerged from its creation.

It's very important to remember that this is an issue where historical interpretations and even historical facts themselves are often hotly, passionately disputed. A good rule of thumb is that the more passionate someone is about their position on the issue, the more thoroughly you should examine the factual content of their claims. Hard liners on both sides of the dispute want the issues involved to be black-and-white, so examine such claims critically.

The problems in this part of the world and between the peoples in question are so long-standing that if you want to begin at the beginning, there really aren't any surviving contemporary secular sources; you either have to work from composite accounts that have been put together centuries and even millennia later, or else you have to start from religious sources. And if you want to really understand both sides of the issue, in terms of how the people involved think and why, you're going to need a significant understanding (either from direct study or from reading secondary sources about them) of the religious texts, both from Judaism (starting from Genesis 12, although the real trouble starts in chapter 16) and also from Islam (the Qur'an). It's the cultural background. Everything else that has happened is rooted there.

It's also useful to know about things that have happened more recently (notably, the military conflicts, particularly the ones in 1948 and 1967), but if you want to understand how the people directly involved looked at these events at the time and have interpreted them since, you have to see them in the light of the cultural background.

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