It depends on what you mean by "industry." Was there a system of slave breeding based purely on the need to make sure race based slavery survived pass the banning of the actual trade? Yes, absolutely. It's one of the most horrific things to study in U.S. history in my humble opinion. Were there people who bought slaves purely just to breed them? If there was they were few and far between. Let me expand on this based on the (upcoming) book "The American Slave Coast" by Ned Sublette. Keep in mind this book is not published yet and my notes on the book came from a reading he did of it at Western Michigan University. If anyone finds fault please feel free to correct me.

In the antebellum south slaves from Virginia and Maryland were considered of the best quality and were raised more in an effort to make profit off their sale rather than their productivity. Often these slaves were exported to other parts of the country in large bands guarded by men with guns and dogs called "Coffles" Some were taken by boat or train, but most walked and we know that Andrew Jackson personally led at least one coffle in his lifetime. They were also often exported to Cuba, Brazil, and other South American nations.

Sexual assault was already intrinsic to slavery before 1808, and under US law there was no way to be charged for raping a slave (slaves were incapable of being raped according to the law). Virtually every farm or plantation that had slaves also used "breeding" as a form of profit and the term "slave breeding" was common in the antebellum south. Perhaps the most horrific thing about this were the "nurseries," slave mothers were sent back to work as soon as physically possible after giving birth and their children were sent to these so-called nurseries to be raised by the slave women who were either too young or too old to do any more physically demanding work. Women who were considered good for breeding were also worth between 1/4 and 1/6 more than other slaves, and were not allowed to be "single" or refuse sexual advances.

Corroborating this was the fact that the slave population in the US grew from 400,000 at independence, to 4 MILLION in 1860.

I can go about Thomas Jefferson and how his ending of the slave trade was more because it benefited his personal finances rather than any humanitarian reasons, or how slaves formed the basis of the southern capital/credit system, or how slaves were worth more than 4 times the crops they worked and 17 times more than all the gold and silver currency in circulation at the time, but those are all posts for another time.