It's a topic that I've been thinking about a lot recently. I find military history very interesting, and after a fair bit of reading it's very clear that most campaigns are decided before two opposing soldiers ever see each other. I only catch glimpses of it really, when reading about the Greeks or Romans in reference to major strategy, with statements like 'the Romans would have their supply lines in pace or arranged so that their army was well fed and watered while the enemy fought hungry'. But it never really explains how.
The scale just seems so absurd that it's hard to visualise. How do you even move an army of 50,000 men, let alone keep them nourished and remotely happy without modern ration packs and transportation! Plus things like weapon production, I do blacksmithing, it would take me a long time to make a sword using modern steel and tools, just how many blacksmiths did they have to arm an army, and how much did it cost?
I'm looking for a book that will cover the basics on how these things were done, ideally covering something like the late Classical period through to Napoleonic- obviously this is very specific and I won't find anything perfect, but that's roughly what I'm after, and idiot's guide so I can get a feel for how it was organised, and how it adapted over time!
One classic work is Geoffrey Parker's The Army of Flanders and the Spanish Road 1567-1659: The Logistics of Spanish Victory and Defeat in the Low Countries’ Wars (Cambridge University Press, 1972), which usually appears on reading lists for military history courses at the graduate school level. His study is predicated on the idea that most historians of early modern military history ignore the “wheels” and mechanics of conflict, particularly those of the war between Spain and the Dutch (c.1550-1650). His central argument is that by examining the difference in ability to wage war— in logistics, resources, and capacity to finance soldiers—we can see why one of the largest and most powerful empires failed to subdue a small revolt in the Netherlands and lost a series of major entrepots along the North Sea. While this book parochially focuses on a single conflict, it effectively explores the ways in which logistics play into military enterprise.
Martin Van Creveld will get you from the 1500s to Patton
http://www.amazon.com/gp/aw/d/0521546575?pc_redir=1407226600&robot_redir=1