Everybody (in the West) has at least a vague understanding of Ancient Egypt: the pyramids, the pharaohs, the mummies. Movies are made about them, as are books, TV shows, video games etc. But not the other Ancient Middle Eastern powers. For those mostly uninterested in history, if you mention the names of the Hittites, Assyrians, or others, you'll meet a blank stare. If you had a biblical education you may vaguely be aware of the Babylonians just because of their relationship to the Jews.
Why do we moderns have such an awareness of Ancient Egypt alone? Why not the rest of the Bronze Age world?
Egypt fell under the political control of the West in the early 19th century. The rest of the Bronze Age Culture was buried under territory controlled by the Ottoman Empire. It wasn't until after WWI, the collapse of the Ottomans, and the establishment of modern Archeology that western nations started getting useful access to to the physical remains.
This easy access enabled Egyptian to be the first Bronze Age language to be translated.
Linear B -1950s
Hittite - 1910s
Assyrian Cuneiform - 1850s
Hieroglyphics - 1820's
This access also allowed a lot of "treasure" and physical culture to be exported to museums in Western Europe. Which in turn led to...
Egyptomania - Following Napoleon's Conquest and the decipherment of Egyptian Hieroglyphics emerged an early 19th century fad around Egyptian culture. This including the building of Egyptian Revival Architecture, ala the Washington Monument, in DC. It was during this period, before the decipherment of the other languages that gave Bronze Age Egypt its cultural mindshare.
One rather more subjective comment to add to the more historical ones: Egyptian remains are spectacular. The other cultures do have physical remains, but in Egypt you can walk in to an intact building 3500 years old and look up at the brightly painted ceiling. The pyramids, of course, are huge and preserve some mystery about them. So in terms of popular cultures, I'd say that this is due to the visual appeal of the place.
I'm based in the UK. Very few people are aware that we have places like Maes Howe which predate the pyramids - but more relevantly, even if you tell them, they will forget quite quickly because a howe just doesn't look as interesting as a pyramid, even if you can go in to it.
Side question: when did the knowledge to read Heirioglyphics die out completely? Was there a day when someone said "well, looks like grandpa drowned. Guess hieroglyphics is a dead language now."
Could hieroglyphics be read in the time of Alexander the Great? In the time of Caesar? I just find it hard to believe that such a powerful empire lost complete continuity with their language. Did Greek or Latin replace it?
Part of it is to do with building materials. Quite simply, Egyptian stone monumental architecture has lasted better than, say, Mesopotamian architecture which, while similarly impressive in its hey-day, because made largely of clay, hasn't lasted as well. For this reason, among others, ancient Egypt has long captured the public's imagination in a way that its contemporaries never really have.
That said, I am admittedly skating on thin ice here since my area of expertise lies in a completely different hemisphere.
Just from what i remember from my art history lectures there is a lot (like a LOT) less that we have from those other cultures in the form of artifacts. Ancient egyptian tombs were preserved very well while other cultures were either discovered earlier and pillaged or preserved poorly. Many of those cultures were also very warlike and didn't last near as long.
It also had to do with what materials they used. If i remember right, for example, the Etruscans used a lot of wood so we have and know very little about them in the grand scheme of things.