I've been reading a bit about resistanse in the Second World War, and it seems their motivations were mostly nationalism and (to a lesser extent) anti-fascism, next to a myriad of other (more circumstantial) reasons. However, I haven't really found anything relating to resistance in the First World War.
The reason you likely haven't heard of resistance movements during WW1 is because no nation was able to gain a total victory right off the bat over another nation, as Germany was able to do to France, Poland, Norway, Denmark, Belgium, etc.
The two sides clashed and it was a lot of static trench warfare that we all hear about today, and nations weren't completely occupied or collaborationist, a la occupied France and Vichy France in WW2.
There were resistance movements on the home front, such as the Bolsheviks in Russia who eventually toppled the Russian Empire, and the German mutineers at the end of the war, but I can't find any information on movements set up to fight on occupying force, such as the French or Polish Resistance.