In 1978, the Soviet ambassador and representative to the UN Arkady Shevchenko defected to the US after spying for the CIA for 3 years.

His wife committed suicide 2 month afterwards. As a member of the Nomenclature, his son was put into protective custody of the KGB, but continued to work for the foreign ministry. Under Stalin he would have most likely being executed, but members of the party elite are far better protected under Brezhnev.

A popular Russian author and historian (though highly controversial) Vladimir Resun (pen name Victor Suvorov) used to be an intelligence officer in the GRU (Soviet military intelligence). He was stationed at the Soviet consulate in Geneva, Switzerland when after a botched operation he defected to the United Kingdom in 1978. He later wrote a semi-autobiographical work on fiction about his service and defection in a book called Aquarium.

Anyway, Resun had a brother who was at the time also serving in the Soviet Army. From what I can tell, nothing especially bad happened to him, and he finished his service in the Army in 1991 at the rank of Lt. Colonel.