The AskHistorians Podcast is a project that highlights the users and answers that have helped make/r/AskHistorians one of the largest history discussion forum on the internet. You can subscribe to us via iTunes, Stitcher, or RSS. If there is another index you'd like the cast listed on, let me know!
This Episode:
/u/DavidAOP and /u/EternalKerri continue their talk on all things piratical. This second of two parts focuses more on the meta-conversation of the study of pirates, their portrayals in popular media, their place as cultural icons, and, of course, that famous accent, before wrapping up with why and how this era came to an end.
If you want more specific recommendations for sources or have any follow-up questions, feel free to ask them here! Also feel free to leave any feedback on the format and so on. If you like the podcast, please rate & review us on iTunes.
Thanks all!
Coming up next fortnight: /u/Husky54 sits down with /u/400-Rabbits to talk about what the Hebrew Bible is, some of the historical events recorded in the Hebrew Bible, and non-Biblical sources for these events.
As David mentioned in the podcast, I recently finished my PhD thesis focussing on pirate articles, so I have to bring up Amanda's comment about pirates and their articles (around 19.50-20.20ish). It is certainly true that we can find evidence of articles being broken by members of various pirate companies, but that doesn't mean that they weren't generally adhered to. Writing of John Taylor's articles, for example, prisoner Jacob du Bucquoy recorded: "No victim who surrenders is to be harmed, on pain of death. (It is necessary to observe that this article is generally not applied to the pirates who are drunk)", and there are other individual examples of the articles being broken, or ignored. I personally have huge reservations about taking Roberts' article "Every Man shall have a vote in affairs of the Moment" too literally, as evidence from the trial of members of his crew and other sources suggests that the franchise was only extended to "Every Man" who fulfilled certain criteria (not a forced man or slave, not a soldier, not Irish, not underage...), and that in many cases decisions were taken by a select group of senior pirates or by a jury of 12 men. But against that, there is a large body of evidence that shows that in many cases the articles really were held as sacrosanct. On Jeremiah Cocklyn's Rising Sun, for example, there was a rule not to allow women on board or to rape them if they were captured, and captive William Snelgrave noted that "being a good political rule, to prevent disturbances amongst them, it is strictly observed." Snelgrave was also responsible for interceding to prevent a pirate being flogged for hitting him. The pirate was very popular, but nonetheless their articles demanded that he be punished, and the pirates were determined to see the rules stuck to. It was only Snelgrave's plea for clemency on the pirate's behalf that saved him from punishment. Pirate captain Ned Low described the articles to one of his prisoners as the thing that "cemented them together", and described them as "the standing rule of their duty... the least breach of which would be a precedent for the like infractions". If pirates had not generally adhered to the articles then there would have been no point in creating them in the first place, and as one of Low's crew explained, "if it were once admitted that a man, through passion, or the like, should be excused breaking them, there would be an end to their society".
My Book Recommendations for Pirate History and Books Referenced in the Podcast
I put this up in the discussion thread for part 1. I wrote that one to include references for both parts of this podcast.
For those interested in reading more about pirate history, I created this list of 9 books that should get anyone started in the right direction on pirate history. Each book listing includes a brief description as to their qualities.
9 Broad Topic Books on Pirates
In addition to that, here are a few of the sources that I mention in the course of both parts of this 2-part podcast:
Johnson, Charles. A General History of the Pyrates. Manuel Schonhorn ed. Columbia: University of South Carolina Press, 1972.
This is that source, while from the period, is technically a secondary source published originally between 1724 and 1728, is a significant source on pirate history. Though the book is heavily influenced by the concept of "factual fiction," it nonetheless influenced so many historians and writers alike and helped create a number of pirate myths and misnomers. Be it for the history or for the influence on the public perception of piracy for the past 300 years, this book is crucial. The best reprint of this book is the version edited by Manuel Schonhorn, since he includes notes as to potential sources that influenced the writing of this book, notes the changes made to the first volume of the book over the original 4 editions released between 1724 and 1726, and included all the stories from both volumes in full. Dover Maritime publishing did release a paperback edition of this in 1999 for those interested in obtaining a copy but cannot/will not get a copy of the 1972 edition.
Bialuschewski, Arne. “Daniel Defoe, Nathaniel Mist, and the General Hystory of the Pyrates.” The Papers of the Bibliographical Society of America 98, no. 1 (2004): 21–38.
When I mentioned that Daniel Defoe has been proved not to be the author of A General History of the Pyrates - this is the article that demonstrates it was a man named Nathaniel Mist.
Fox, E. T. King of the Pirates: The Swashbuckling Life of Henry Every. Stroud: History, 2008.
I mention this title while discussing Henry Every and how much treasure he took in the Indian Ocean. It's the best biography of Henry Every available.
Rediker, Marcus. Between the Devil and the Deep Blue Sea: Merchant Seamen, Pirates, and the Anglo-American Maritime World, 1700-1750. Cambridge: Cambridge University Press, 1987.
This title is recommended for informing people about the life of sailors during the early eighteenth century from the perspective of labor history.
Konstam, Angus, David Rickman, and Giuseppe Rava. Pirate: The Golden Age. Oxford: Osprey Pub, 2011.
I made reference to this book as the one that David Rickman describes how he discovered the inspiration for artist Howard Pyle's works on pirates - the ones that so heavily influenced the pirate image to this day.
Caruana, Adrian B. The History of English Sea Ordnance 1523-1875. Ashley Lodge, East Sussex, UK: Jean Boudriot Publications, 1997.
For those interested in my reference to 40% of English Ordnance produced during the War of Spanish Succession being 6-pounders, it came from this 2-volume work.
Also, I want to highlight a new work - published between the time when this podcast was recorded and it's current airing, by the man I mentioned in the podcast, Dr. Ed Fox. He published a new primary source collection on pirate history. The book is called, Pirates in Their Own Words: Eye-Witness Accounts of the “Golden Age” of Piracy, 1690-1728. Fox Historical, 2014. It's available on Amazon.com and Lulu.com.
You guys are awesome.
Thanks guys, I love the podcast.
Couple of show notes:
/u/davidAOP provided a wonderful bibliography of works in the previous discussion post.
My outro spiel has a brief repeating bit which I am chalking up to gremlins. Just consider the repeated part to be extra important information.
I also realize that I kept on mixing up my fiction book references in that section about inspirations for pirate media in recent times. I keep on saying Pirate Latitudes but I really mean On Stranger Tides by Tim Powers. Strangely enough, in a response to pirate question here on r/AskHistorians, I type out what I described in the podcast for all this "plot inbreeding". I suspect that the previous 90 minutes of recording before I said that might have something to do with screwing that up. Here is that post I'm referring to:
My response to "...did any pirates actually believe in curses (similar or dissimilar to the "black spot)?" (in particular, voodoo)
Totally late to the question I know but /u/DavidAOP mentioned that cutlasses we're historically accurate for pirates. Know that what sort of swords did they use in hand to hand combat?