Have there always been movements, composed mainly of women, that were against feminist movement of the time?
For example: were there movements against women's suffrage, working outside the home, women driving in KSA, etc.
I answered about groups opposing suffrage 4 months ago, and here are the relevant bits:
I did manage to find many discussions of the opponents of women's suffrage throughout my research into the subject (of my own, to be clear, I am not a professor on the subject). The most commonly cited example is the The New York State Association Opposed to Woman Suffrage, but they are fairly easy to find information about and their name just about says it all; they're similar to the other organizations that felt the same about women's suffrage. So to start, let's take a look at a piece of history I found:
Veterans of voluntary service, Dolly Blount Lamar, Mildred Lewis Rutherford, Rebecca Latimer Felton, Mary McClendon, and Ida Cheatham politely greeted each other on the grounds of Georgia's state capitol late on the afternoon of July 7, 1914. Wearing their Sunday best and clutching the well-worn pages of their carefully rehearsed speeches, they climbed the steps of the gold-domed building and walked into the political sanctuary of the Georgia legislature. On any other day, these white Georgia women might have been cooperating on a campaign to prohibit the sale of alcohol, to raise money for a Confederate memorial, to protest the content of high school history texts, or to lobby for some "municipal housekeeping" issue such as public kindergartens. This time, however, they were talking to the House Constitutional Amendment Committee about woman suffrage, and they vehemently disagreed with each other. Lamar and Rutherford denounced suffrage in two lengthy speeches. Felton, McClendon, and Cheatham followed, arguing that woman suffrage was vital to the South 's future. The legislators defeated the amendment by one vote and recommended that the House reject the suffrage amendment. On that hot summer day the anti-suffragists won the first of many battles that would, seven years later, culminate in Georgia being the first state to vote against the ratification of the Nineteenth Amendment.^^1
So yes, there were women against it; many of these women were prominent and active in Georgia, and had connections to the Democratic party through family or marriage. This, however, is just one example of the narrative of suffrage, and in the South (this author especially) this was seen as a vote to decide how patriarchy would survive in the South. Many feared a precedent, as well, that would eventually allow black women to vote, as one example. The weakening of the state's right to choose who voted, and the challenge to white male supremacy in voting, was a huge deal in Georgia.
As for prominent women against it, there were some, as I listed in the Georgia case. The National Association Opposed to Women's Suffrage, which was founded in New York in 1911 (not to be confused with the New York State Association of similar name that was founded earlier), was founded by a woman named Josephine Dodge.
Many women rose to prominence on both sides of the aisle, but we both know who won, and the fight (complex, long-fought, and a hard battle all around) ended as states began to ratify suffrage independently (9 states gave women the right to vote by 1912, and Illinois allowed women to vote for the presidency in 1913) and as the movement gained continued increases in support from prominent figures.
Some sources:
^^1 Caretakers of Southern Civilization: Georgia Women and the Anti-Suffrage Campaign, 1914-1920 Elizabeth Gillespie McRae The Georgia Historical Quarterly, Vol. 82, No. 4, GEORGIA WOMEN: PERSPECTIVES ON CLASS, RACE, AND ETHNICITY (WINTER 1998), pp. 801-828
^^2 Why Women Should Not Have the Vote: Anti-Suffrage Views in the Southland in 1911 Jane Apostol Southern California Quarterly, Vol. 70, No. 1 (SPRING 1988), pp. 29-42 Published by: University of California Press on behalf of the Historical Society of Southern California
One of the best examples of this is that anti-feminist movement led by women like Phyllis Schlafly during the late 60s and early 70s. Schlafly was opposed to the Equal Rights Amendment, and started an organization called Stop ERA which played a key role in rallying support against the ERA and ensuring that it was never ratified.
The primary reason for their opposition to the ERA was that they felt it would take away or remove women's special status and privileges - and some of the more extreme members of this movement claimed that the ERA would lead to things like unisex bathrooms, the conscription of women, and the abolishment of things like widow's pensions and maternity benefits.
There's an excellent book about this if you're interested, Linda Gordon's No Constitutional Right to Be Ladies.