In the period after the decline of the Roman administration, and before the rise of the early-modern government, how did the European kingdoms manage their affairs? I understand that the King, and his immediate family would necessarily hold some position of power, but who kept track of taxes, tolls, roads, and all those little things that are vital to the function of the kingdom?
I want details, as much as possible.
HUGE question. Is there any particular kingdom/region you had in mind? This is the period when common law and civil law began to emerge, so you're going to see a variety of methods of administration.
I want details, as much as possible.
If you want this then you'll need to be more precise than asking about a 1000 year period.
A book for the period 1170-1300 in England which I'd recommend is Sabapathy, J., Officers and Accountability in Medieval England, (Oxford, 2014).