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It did in Canada, just not in the US. For example, Saskatchewan elected a socialist government in 1944 that remained until 1964. They've also had 27 years of socialist government afterwards. They even instituted a universal healthcare program in 1946.
Federally, the current Official Opposition is the NDP, a "socialist" political party.
You could argue socialism isn't as strong in Canada as it is in several European countries, but there is a clear divide between Canada and the US when it comes to socialism.