What relationships, if any, did the Romans have with sub-saharan Africa?

by Momojo

Was there any direct contact or trade?

Tiako

I've written a bit about trade contacts across the Sahara, which was conducted by nomadic Geramantes, here. The cultures of the Niger bend were urbanized and sophisticated, but unfortunately research on them is still in its infancy, so detailed questions about the extent of trans-Saharan contact must remain unanswered for now.