They did.

Dutch settlement and cannons have been found on Australia's West Coast, what's known as the creative name of Western Australia, settlements were found in the North/Western Part. They first discovered Queensland, heading down from the Dutch East Indies, but it was found to be to swampy and 10 or so men were killed on expeditions inland so, they charted the coast and headed home. Settlements were attempted on a second expedition but abandoned.

They were abandoned due to the harsh conditions, lack of decent soils for crops and the fact they didn't find anything worth trading or keeping them there.

Australia was named New Holland by the Dutch also.