This is called a "False Flag" attack. It is a common staple of conspiracy theories. Given human nature, it probably has actually happened once in a while.
The only well-attested example I can think of is the Mountain Meadows massacre, where Mormon settlers disguised themselves at Paiute Indians and attacked a wagon train.

Sorry, we don't allow throughout history questions. These tend to produce threads which are collections of trivia, not the in-depth discussions about a particular topic we're looking for. If you have a specific question about a historical event or period or person, please feel free to re-compose your question and submit it again.