Your question is intrinsically before history - i.e. "prehistoric" - and so you may have more luck with /r/askanthropology. Another problem your question faces is that the people you are asking about were not likely to have a great deal of homogeneity. The Upper Paleolithic lasted for tens of thousands of years and spanned continents. Culture may have been more conservative, but one of the hallmarks of the Upper Paleolithic toolkit, for example, was extreme diversity from one place to the next (which distinguishes it from its predecessors).

Neolithic, again, is a term that can be applied for many areas spanning thousands of years. Arriving at generalizations about respective gender roles is problematic because of the expanse of time and space, not to mention the lack of records that are helpful with the sort of question you raise.

One occasionally sees generalizations about the respective gender roles, but that is usually a matter of ideological projection of today's issues into a murky past.