Were Ancient Egyptians black/dark-skinned?

by Brotisserie_Chicken

This is a question that has been bothering me for quite a while due to people, always without citing sources, stating that Ancient Egyptian people and pharaohs and what have you were dark-skinned. I just read this ridiculously loaded Tumblr post which kinda cut the string for me. It isn't a history blog but the post has close to 40,000 notes. I could go onto a massive rant on what's wrong with that post, but I'm just seeking facts.

Was the Ancient Egyptian population at any time in its history predominantly dark-skinned?

Did Ancient Egyptians resemble Greeks, or Semites?

CommodoreCoCo

That post is interestingly entirely devoid of citations or even arguments for its statements. Since I haven't seen done so in any of the former discussions, I'll address the statements it makes as well the "facts" I have seen tumblr-folk use in other posts to back up Egyptian blackness.

  1. "Ancient Egypt was not a mixed society." Egypt has controlled the one land route between two enormous land masses for ages. Though it was far from an empire, it did fight to control land and key points, such as Tel Megiddo, that would secure its hold on this route. Egypt held such land in the Levant during its primary peaks (Tuthmose III, Ramses II, etc.), so one can only argue for the "purity" of Egyptian society if we discount such holdings outside of Africa. (It's also worth noting that any economically powerful, trade-active group with a consistently homogenous demographic would be quite the exception.)

  2. "The most advanced civilization of human history..." [citation needed]

  3. Tumblr reason 1: "They were in Africa so they were African." Next time you see a fellow from Korea, do me the favor of asking why he doesn't look like he's from India. When he gets offended, just let him know that since they were both in Asia, you thought they must be culturally and phenotypically alike. If you survive this encounter, travel to France and ask the waiter in a fancy Parisian cafe to bring you a hot dog and potato chips, since that's what the white people you know eat. For all of tumblr's insistence on culture sensitivity and awareness, you would think they'd recognize that if the Egyptians were in fact "as BLACK as Congo," making cultural inferences off of that fact would be terribly insulting to the Egyptians (see 2nd linked thread)

  4. Tumblr reason 2: "You don't see Greek or Roman statues missing noses, but you rarely see Egyptian ones with them. White people wanted to hide the Egyptian's blackness, so they broke them off." I'm curious as to why this argument exists in the days of Google Image Search. Greco-Roman statues don't have [lots](https://www.google.com/culturalinstitute/asset-viewer/marble-head-of-dionysos/OAGxeJ2OZApcwg?projectId=art-project] of noses. And that's not a select sample. That's just scrolling straight through the Benaki Museum's collection. And if you want to find Egyptian noses, it's not very hard to find examples. Plus: 1. Expecting artifacts to be complete and making assumptions based on what's occasionally gone is poor archaeology. 2. Four thousand year old, sandstone Egyptian pieces are literally twice as old as marble Roman ones and significantly less durable.

khinzeer

Racial categories generally are pretty arbitrary and depend on the observer.

Egyptians have been making realist/semi-realist art for a very long time. This extremely realistic bust of Queen Nefertiti is about 3,000 years old. While she doesn't look Nigerian or Congolese, she also doesn't look southern European or Greek. This is another sculpture of a scribe from about 1,000 years earlier.

Most of the artistic evidence shows that while there were "white" and "black" people living in Egypt and sometimes playing important roles in society, most Ancient Egyptians roughly resembled modern Egyptians who don't fit neatly into the white/black binary.

That tumblr is really silly.

Ancient Egypt was PITCHED BLACK until the 7th century AD, when Indo Aryans called Arabs invaded from Central Asia.

Arabs speak a Semitic language which is completely different from Indo-European/Aryan languages. Neither Semitic or Indo-European are racial categories.

Brickie78

At the risk of being Captain Obvious, if the Ancient Egyptians were black-skinned, wouldn't their skin be blacker in the surviving art?

raspberry_pie

You might be interested in one of the previous posts on the matter: 1. 2.

Of course new answers and discussion are, as always, encouraged.