Some presidents have managed to maintain a reasonably high approval rating throughout their presidency: President Kennedy never had an approval rating lower than 56%, while both FDR and Eisenhower managed to stay north of 48% - although arguably none of these is really a "fair" comparison: Roosevelt's approval rating was kept afloat in the later years of his presidency by WWII, and Kennedy had less time than most other presidents for his approval rating to sink (which they typically do over time). Similarly, Eisenhower was the big hero of WWII and was president during a period of unprecedented economic prosperity. It might not be fair, in other words, to compare these presidents' approval rating with that of someone like Jimmy Carter or Gerald Ford, both of whom happened to become president during a period when the US was facing the "oil shocks" of 1973 and 1979, stagflation, serious foreign policy setbacks like the Iranian hostage crisis, and a major crisis of public confidence in politicians/political leaders as a result of Watergate.

So no, not all presidents have been regarded with hostility by a large majority of Americans. Some of them have remained popular with somewhere around 40% - 50 % of the populace (according to polls) throughout their term.

It's also worth noting, btw, that Obama's approval rating is actually pretty damn respectable historically. His lowest rating so far is around 39% - significantly better than his predecessor (GW Bush's) lowest rating of about 19%, a low which beats President Nixon's post-watergate low point of 23% approval. GW Bushes lowest rating (19%, from Oct 2008) is the lowest ever (since the development of modern polling methods) although President Truman is a close second, coming in at 22% in February of 1952. [Edit: please let's not start a political discussion about this, I'm only mentioning this as a "trivia" point, to demonstrate that the assumption behind the question (that Obama's approval rating is unusually low, historically) is flawed]

In answer to the latter part of your question (have Americans always been so hostile to the sitting president, has the president ever won broad "acceptance") - this is difficult to answer with any certainty for any period prior to the 1930s. That's when George Gallup, who was really the pioneer of modern/scientific polling methods in the US, came up with the concept of an "approval" rating.

What you need to be aware of, really, is that the approval rating of presidents changes a great deal over the course of their presidency. GW Bush, for example, holds the record for the lowest approval rating at 19 %, but he also holds the record for the highest approval rating ever recorded, at a whopping 92 % (as you might guess, this was measured post-September 11, 2001). So it's not always all that useful/productive to think of an individual president's high/low or even their average approval rating as the best way of measuring the American public's "hostility" towards them. If you take the average of all Roosevelt-and-beyond presidents, for example, every single one of them averages out to somewhere between 45 % (Truman) and 70% (Kennedy - who is an outlier, next highest after him is Eisenhower at 65%). And this is not even taking into account the much more thorny question of how the American public remembers presidents once they are out of office, which is a whole different can of worms.