Nøt sure how old it is but in my country, norway, we oftes say "with/against the sun". (With the sun being the same as with the clock). Quite independent of any mechanical apparatus.
The English words "clockwise" and "anticlockwise" are much more recent than you might think. They arose only in the 1880s. Before that, for the most part, people simply used "left" and "right." There was a short-lived fashion for "sunwise" or "sun-ways" in the first half of the 19th century (actually starting in 1774, to be strict); and there was a much older and virtually obsolete terms "withershins" (later "widdershins", = anticlockwise), but it was only used in poetic or very archaic contexts by the 1800s. "Deasil"/"deasal"/"deasul" (clockwise) was even more obscure and more obsolete. So, apart from the brief tenure of "sunwise", it was "left" and "right".
An answer that applies in the case of English will probably not apply in any other language, of course.
The only reason I know this is because one of the standard dictionaries in my field, the Liddell & Scott Greek Lexicon, dates to before the invention of "clockwise" and "anticlockwise"; I found it out by investigating why it translated the relevant Greek words as "left" and "right". Other chief source used: Oxford English Dictionary.
"Sunwise". Follow the sun with your pointing hand from rise to set and that's the direction you will be turning.
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