Was there an equivalent term used, was it translated, or was the 'war' acknowledged at all?
The term used currently is the Russian translation of "the Cold War". Looking in Google Books, unsurprisingly it has few Russian pre-1990 books, but I was still able to find "This is how the Cold War began" and a few other similar books (they write it in quotes, but I was surprised to also find quite a few 2000s books doing the same).