This is going to be complicated, since there's not just one tariff rate. It will vary a lot by product and country/area of origin [1]. What you are looking for does exist somewhere. Years ago, I used an undergraduate international business textbook that showed a graph of average tariff rates from 1913 to 1990 (I think), though I have no idea where the information came from.

For recent rates, the WTO is your source, specifically here. Pre-1995 data would not fall under the WTO, but the predecessor treaty GATT. The WTO is in the process of digitizing GATT documents. That would be where I would start; whether or not this information is part of this massive collection of documents I do not know.

If that doesn’t help, I’d go to Google Scholar and search on something like “france historical tariff rates,” then pick through those results for scholarly articles dealing with the appropriate country and time period. Those articles may have some summary information or may have sources for the rates.

If that doesn’t work, my next stop would be the EU, specifically here. After that, I am out of ideas.

[1] A current example from the US – the tariff rate for “Woven fabrics containing predominantly, but < 85% artificial staple fibres, mixed principally or solely with man-made filament, unbleached or bleached,” and under the preferential duty rate for the Caribbean Basin Economic Recovery Act (CBERA). The product list takes up 19,423 lines in an Excel file.