First of all, the Soviet and Chinese views on Communism has being different since 1927. Before 1927, the Chinese Communist party was primarily urban based organization. In 1927, the KMT purged the CCP in Shanghai, and drove them out of most urban areas entirely. Thereafter the CCP was largely limited to rural areas, eventually conducting the long march in which they managed to establish a base of operation in Ya'an.

This meant that the CCP ended up adopting the doctrine that peasants are a revolutionary force for Socialism, whereas the Soviets believed that the urban industrial working class was the basis for a Socialist revolution.

Mao at least superficially got along with Stalin in the early 50s, but after his death Khrushchev took over and denounced Stalin in his secret speech. Further more Khrushchev proclaimed that it was possible for Capitalism and Socialism to co-exist. This really shook Mao up and he later accused the Soviets of being "revisionists". Basically Mao's outlook at this point in this life was very much about class struggle as primary goal of his ideology and saw Soviet Communism as turning back on revolutionary socialism.