No, there was not, at least not archaeology as we understand it today.

The recent book by James Turner, "Philology: The Forgotten Origins of the Modern Humanities" explores in remarkable depth and breadth how the modern notions of most humanities 'disciplines', and the very idea of disciplines, emerged through the 19th and 20th century. He primarily deals with the English-speaking world, but also traces the influence and interaction with Germany.

Essentially what turned archaeology into a discipline was a shift from simply 'collecting' artworks (that was what used to be mainly collected), to systematically excavating sites, cataloguing and categorising what was found. Whereas even at the start of the 19th century, collection of artefacts occured, but mainly because they were deemed priceless artworks worthy of preservation, and at best because artworks were types of 'texts' that could be studied, not because there was a concept of studying the past through systematic analysis of sites.

Prior to the 19th century you had the idea of Antiquarianism, which would just collect everything: artefacts, texts, study topography, to produce a general study of the past, it is not really until you get into the 19th century that a more distinct divide separates study of texts from study of objects.

To go right back to the Medieval period, there was definitely not a sense of archaeology then. Even concepts of historical progress and different historical periods can be vague.

...I have to run out the door but I will explain more on this later.