Well, I can tell that it is an NCO's shin guntō. "Shin guntō" means "new military sword," to differentiate them from the old military swords, or kyū guntō, which was a design of sword originating in the Meiji period that featured Japanese blades on western-influenced hilts. The shin guntō did away with western influences in an attempt to imitate traditional Japanese swords (though their blades were generally mass-produced, quite unlike a katana).

One of the more distinctive parts of traditional Japanese swords is the cloth (generally silk) handle wrap that goes around the hilt of the sword to allow for a better grip. The shin guntō used by officers generally featured cloth wrappings. NCO ones, however, featured a cast metal handle designed to imitate the traditional look. Earlier ones were cast out of copper, whilst later ones were aluminum. When Japan was really low on resources they seem to have even used plain wood instead. The handle on that sword of your's looks like cast metal to me. I don't believe that officer's swords ever had handles with simulated, cast metal ito, but I could be wrong in that regard.

Hopefully someone else can tell you what the markings mean, because unfortunately I can't.