A sizable proportion of the Hmong and Degar/Montagnard ethnic groups fought alongside the French, ARVN, and American forces. Hmong Daw, Jarai, Rhade, Mong Njua, Bahnar, etc. Many fled as refugees after the fall of South Vietnam to escape violent reprisals and persecution by the victors.

• How did the French obtain and keep their allegiance?

• Were Hmong/Degar residents given any special privileges or rights during colonial rule?

• What was the general US/FWF assessment of their role and contributions in the wars that followed for former French Indochina?

• Cultural differences between the ethnic groups that fought for the South versus the North?