Oh man, I can go for hours on this one. I'm going to split my suggestions between primary and secondary sources since you helpfully asked for each.

You don't mention anything about your level of prior knowledge, if it's 0 you'll need some introductory material. For a good intro text to the Civil Wars I'll suggest Diane Purkniss, for the broader century I appreciated Kishlansky's book. For an economic assessment Keith Wrightson has a top notch survey.

My two favorite authors on the century remain Keith Thomas and Christopher Hill, Religion and the Decline of Magic and The world turned upside down are revolutionary. If you can think of more specific topics in the century (e.g. civil war, printing revolution, political philosophy) I can give you additional specific recommendations.

For primary sources I'd recommend: If you aren't aware Milton's Areopagitica is a pamphlet written during the civil war years that appeals to a right of freedom of the press and a broad right to inquiry and intellectual freedom. It's an immortal text and though heavily Latinate at times a joy to read

For Books are not absolutely dead things, but doe contain a potencie of life in them to be as active as that soule was whose progeny they are; nay they do preserve as in a violl the purest efficacie and extraction of that living intellect that bred them.

Also I'd highly recommend reading Locke's treatises on government as well as all Hobbes. Though Leviathan is most commonly read Hobbes also wrote a history of the civil war, Behemoth, that is of interest. Robinson Crusoe and The Pilgrim's Progress are must reads for the purpose of understanding the period, though at least the latter is unlikely to be enjoyable to a modern reader. For political philosophy Marvell and Nedham are firmly in the second rank. It will be more difficult to find Nedham's works for his obscurity, but there is at least 1 good secondary treatment I know of.

What is fun though, and a little less known, is the raunchy world of Restoration comedies! During the reign of Charles II English theater got sexy, and those plays hold up well today against say American Pie, they have some great puns. The best place to start would be The Country Wife, my favorite, or if you don't want to read a whole play check out some of the poems of John Wilmot Highlights of his work include The imperfect enjoyment (about premature ejaculation) and The disabled debauchee (disabled by drink)

consider listening to Mike Duncan's "Revolutions" series for a very well made introduction to the first half of this century. It's enthralling!

I'll second Religion and the Decline of Magic. It's a wonderful book, absolutely chock-full of erudition, interesting anecdotes, and it's a useful introduction to approaching history from an anthropological perspective.

Hobbes is a very important read, although Leviathan is a serious undertaking. Depending on your commitment to reading it in its original form, you may or may not prefer to read one of the newer versions with modernised spelling.

Locke's works a definitely worth investigating as well; you'll be surprised by how much modern thought, from theories of consciousness to political liberalism crop up there. His Treatises on Government and Essay Concerning Human Understanding are the major works. If you're really into history of science and philosophy, you may enjoy reading some Bacon too.

I've never actually tackled the Diary of Samuel Pepys as it's so massive, but you might find it interesting too.

Leviathan and the Air Pump is good if you're interested in Boyle and Hooke, or in Hobbes, or in the scientific revolution generally. A Social History of Truth by Shapin is on a similar topic.

The Social Life of Coffee is also good.

Don't have texts that are specific to the period off the top of my head, but there's a master book list in the sidebar.