Binghampton didn't have an accidental smallpox outbreak, it was the UK's Birmingham University. It killed one person, photographer Janet Parker. Her mother was also infected, but survived. The UK Government's official report on the event is found here.

The WHO got rid of its vaccines simply because it had no use for them. Once the disease was eliminated in the wild, why waste storage space on vaccines you'll never need to use again. Vaccines are a preventative measure, not curative ones. Given that only one person has died from smallpox since it was eliminated, keeping and applying smallpox vaccines to large amounts of people seems pointless. It becomes far cheaper to cure the minuscule number of people who will suffer from it. This is also why they stored the smallpox virus. It's cheaper to store a few vials of virus than enough vaccines for a population, and should you need to, you can use one to create the other. Storing the virus also lets you study and understand it, possibly allowing new treatment methods for other diseases.

There is a lot of evidence on the Soviet biological warfare program. From 1928-1971, they used traditional Mendelian selection techniques to selectively breed bacterial and viral agents. In 1971, they established a new program working on genetic engineering. This had five subprograms, looking at increasing virulence, decreasing the effects of antibiotics, exotic viral agents, targeted bioweapons for assassinations and bacterial-viral hybrids. They produced 12 recipes, eleven of which have been definitely identified. The eleven identified include anthrax, tularemia, smallpox and Marburg virus. This program was shut down in 1993. Millions of litres of pathogens were produced and stored. However, they didn't have an effective method of strategic dispersal - they couldn't fit them to ICBMs and the aircraft that could disperse them were too vulnerable to use. For more information, I'd recommend Leitenberg and Zilinska's book The Soviet Biological Warfare Program: A History, summarised here. Also of interest is this paper, on attempts to prevent these weapons getting into the wrong hands after the fall of the USSR.

Britain had a large bio-warfare program during WWII. It focussed mainly on anthrax, for use against both the general population of Germany and its livestock. Anthrax was produced at the Army's experimental station at Porton Down. It was tested on Gruinard Island in 1942. The island was still contaminated with anthrax spores until a massive cleanup operation in 1986. For delivery, two methods were considered. The first, targeted against cattle, were linseed cakes contaminated with the bacteria. For use against cities, a bomb containing 4 lb of anthrax spores was designed. This was a submunition for 500lb cluster bombs. These bombs were produced in America, mostly at a factory in Vigo, Indiana. More information on the bomb program can be found in the first chapter of this extract from Paxman and Harris' A Higher Form of Killing, while more information on Gruinard Island can be found at http://www.asanltr.com/newsletter/01-5/articles/015c.htm.