I know there is written text that have dates but how do we know that something is 10,000 bc? what lets us know that this sertant event was that long ago?
The answer is that we don't know. At least not exactly, no one can ever determine if an event happened in 10,000 BC or 10,001 BC. Before the start of recorded history sometime in the 2nd milennium BC we can determine the date only within a certain range using methods like radiometric dating, archeological layers, dendrochronology, geology etc.