This question is a huge topic, and a bit too broad. There are also many, many competing explanations, from cultural ones to geographic. You could write a book on this- in fact, there have been hundreds of books written on it, each championing different hypotheses. A few:

Guns, Germs, and Steel- Jared Diamond, critiqued on this sub here

Why the West Rules- For Now- Ian Morris.

The Wealth and Poverty of Nations: Why Some Are So Rich and Some So Poor- David Landes (cultural explanation)

Before European Hegemony: The World System A.D. 1250-1350- Lila Abu-Lughod, to get some context. I'd read it alongside Vermeer's Hat, to get a better picture of period around the European rise.

Why Europe? The Rise of the West in World History 1500-1850 (Explorations in World History)- Jack Goldstone

The Birth of the Modern World, 1780-1914- Bayly

Again, this is a huge question, with no settled answer. I myself favor a combination of explanations- however, "cultural reasons" are often conflated with racist ones, so looking more at institutional explanations, alongside natural and geographic ones, can be more informative.

Sorry, we don't allow throughout history questions. These tend to produce threads which are collections of trivia, not the in-depth discussions about a particular topic we're looking for. If you have a specific question about a historical event or period or person, please feel free to re-compose your question and submit it again. Alternatively, questions of this type can be directed to more appropriate subreddits, such as /r/history or /r/askhistory.