It strikes me that plantation agriculture, worked by African slaves, was an incredibly profitable system for European colonists in the New World in the early modern period. However it seems there were no attempts to do this in Africa itself, despite a suitable climate and the local availability of slave labour. There are a few reasons I can think of, listed below, but I'd be interested if anyone had a fuller explanation.
It was.
rubber plantations where quite common in the Congo region, where usually dutch slave owners would put slaves to harvest the recourse often. Slaves themselves where harvested through waring tribes who, after defeat or through raids, would trade members of the opposite tribes to European slave traders, though often times the slaves where actually kept in Africa to do slave work there.
For instance Rice farms in Sierra Leone where cultivated by slaves in a "slave town" who would work on rice farms, said to be the largest in Africa at the time.
Keep in mind slaves in Africa where treated much differently than slaves under european masters. Often times more of a servant than anything, they would be fed, cleaned and treated well in comparison to the harsh penalties and torturous acts we often see depicted in the American and Antilles plantations.
Anther example of african plantations in Sierra Leone are Camwood, a hard timber that red dye could be made from. (1628) This would be farmed by African slaves and then sent to a "factory" on Sherbro Island that would also be worked by slaves. From this the Sherbro island became a port for European traders where they would stock up on the Camwood before setting out again for trade.
There are many types of plantations in Africa, ranging from rice, cotton, tea and coffee. As well as that many originally south american crops gained plantations in Africa, like cassava, bananas and more. This is largely due to their similar soil composition and climate.